Source hierarchy
We prefer the enacted legal text, official regulator or ministry record, official project document and UN treaty registry. Research reports support methods, historical analysis and modeled results; they do not override a later primary source on current legal status.
- Enacted legislation and official gazette or ministry copies.
- Cabinet, regulator, ministry, utility and petroleum-administration records.
- UNFCCC submissions and official multilateral project documents.
- Named institutional research with a disclosed method.
- Reputable secondary reporting, used only when a primary record is unavailable and explicitly marked.
Evidence labels
| Label | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Official data | A number published by a responsible public body; it may still be an estimate. |
| Official policy | A target, plan, commitment or adopted policy - not an observed outcome. |
| Modeled result | An output conditional on assumptions; displayed as a scenario. |
| Survey result | Responses from a stated sample; not silently extrapolated to the population. |
| Regulatory action | An appointment, licence, framework, procurement or similar documented act. |
Currentness and confidence
Every claim has an “as of” date, precision label and confidence rating. High confidence normally means a direct and unambiguous primary source. Medium confidence can reflect official estimates, modeling or a source conflict. Low confidence is reserved for unresolved or weak evidence and is excluded from headline metrics.
Conflicts and uncertainty
Conflicting totals are preserved with their method and period. For example, distributed-solar estimates can differ because studies use surveys, customs records, installer data, model estimates or different capacity definitions. The Atlas does not manufacture a blended figure.
Translation
The interface is available in English and Arabic. Enacted laws and instruments use their original Arabic names where an official record is available. Interface translations are explanatory and never replace the authoritative legal text.
Corrections
Material corrections identify the record, disputed text, primary source and effective date. Accepted changes enter the dated update log, with the reason for revision preserved in the editorial record.
Legal disclaimer
The Atlas is an independent informational briefing. It is not legal, investment, engineering or financial advice; it does not replace the Official Gazette, counsel, regulator decisions, permit terms, grid studies or project due diligence. Verify the current Arabic legal text and implementing decisions before acting.